Marina Bay Sands in Singapore is one of the most complex construction projects in the world. Engineers not only build one but three skyscrapers. A large sky park with a carrier. They have to devise ingenious solutions, to build a museum of unrealistic dimensions. Installation of huge artworks. Building big shopping centres and entertainment buoys. If it's successful, they will create a virtual city in the real city.
Marina Bay Sands
Singapore's Southeast Asian country is smaller than New York City, lacking of space forcing it to build the largest amusement park on the redeveloped former pier - Marina Bay Sands. The biggest difficulty is located in the block which makes up this complex of three 57-storey hotel towers with steep slopes and they are at risk of buckling because of their weight. But the biggest challenge is the roof of the hotel - 340m SkyPark sky park with garden, outdoor swimming pool and the world's largest viewing platform. So how to build something as large as the aircraft carrier at 200m when building it is something that seems unrealistic.
Museum in the system works
This project costs between $ 5 and $ 5.5 billion, and Safdie is responsible for accomplishing this utopian project. Marian Bay is unique in that the buildings are so interconnected that in reality and the design is very different. So together with Safdie, engineer with more than 30 years of experience, John Down is also assigned to oversee the project. Usually projects like this take 6-7 years but the team only has 3 years. The first and most important thing is to build strong foundation, but obviously this problem is not simple because it is located on the old dock and the bottom geology is mostly clay sea. A system of diaphragm walls is preferred and after one year more than 4km of diaphragm walls will help to create strong foundation stone.
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After finishing the foundation, John Down faced difficulty in construction when the time was only 2 years. Thus, 16,500 workers were mobilized to construct each building at the same time. To keep pace with the concrete pouring method in place, the biggest difficulty of this project is its unusual design. Engineers Craig Glover was tasked to unravel this knot, with one mistake it would be the world's most wasted work. A construction technique that they have never been able to do - is to use large steel trusses to support the towers as the towers rise. At the same time, create an additional layer in the wall. To increase certainty, Glover and his team continue to use a new alternative of using a permanent bar in the wall instead of a temporary one. It is a system of large cables that are bonded together and it is brought in before pouring concrete..jpg)
Finished parts of the building, to the museum after many designs and ideas finally the team unified with a design like a waving hand. And engineers began to work with the museum's 60m high superstructure. More than 5,600 tons of steel structures weighing more than 5,200 tons are built with absolute precision. They were transported to the site and started assembling like giant puzzle pieces. And to make the work of art, a statue like a 40m long cloud made of 15 tons of fine stainless steel suspended 12 floors above the door. The artwork was commissioned by British sculptor Antony Gormley. When it comes to building, the problem is the financial crisis of the world economy in 9/2008, millions of dollars were suspended and the construction phase also stopped. At this time, boss Andelson pledged personal assets to complete the project. The crisis was pushed back and the completion of the 57-storey hotel tower was back to normal.
Going back to Gormley's 15-ton artwork, engineers had to divide it into 70 parts, then the sections were welded into eight layers to make the composition. Upon completion it is lifted by a temporary lift rack, a large box canopy on the ceiling supporting the entire load. After 24 hours finally lifted the job is also royal. After the completion of the artwork, it was moved to the crystal display halls, two glass towers, the resort's shopping and entertainment complex ... and once again the nail problem caused headaches. For engineers. To prevent water from entering the site, the team constructed a waterproof steel barrier, which surrounded the site and steel sheet piles. When the retaining wall is complete, the pumps are mobilized at full capacity. But at this moment, the hydrostatic pressure from the external water forces endangering the building. After one day, water leaks appear because the retaining wall is unable to withstand water pressure. 8 divers took turns diving for 10 hours to correct the problem with the purpose of finding water that was piled up and sealed with pine resin. After 2 weeks of hard work of the divers and the final bomb team the work is also completed..jpg)
After 2 years struggling with difficulties and difficult construction milestones, Marina Bay Sands 3 tilt towers can celebrate the summit and move on to the next phase of the hotel. But at the moment the winds of tropical storms are catastrophic to Taiwan and the Philippines, if that happens to Singapore, it is a disaster with the hotel tower. In it, SkyPark - which offers 360-degree visibility across Singapore, where the four Airbus A380 can be parked - becomes a jumble if the towers underneath are shaken by strong winds. At this time, a leading CPP windmill engineer in the US was invited to examine the towers and SkyPark. The task is to find out how Singapore's wind power affects the building. Experts from the United States say that three towers can grow 200mm when the wind is strongest and the solution is given - a slit.
Inspired by the technology of expansion joints, the gap between the concrete towers, the large gap can be moved to 250mm. Aluminum and stainless steel discs are sliding components and they can move back and forth. Multidirectional steel balls are mounted below Sky Park to accommodate the different motions of the three towers. When it was finished, Sky Park was officially built with more than 10,000 tons of steel. Engineers divide the park into 14 parts on the ground before assembling them on top of the tower. Each section is finished and tested by Yongnam Steel. Subsequently they were transported to the site. But the biggest difficulty of building SkyPark is the beams - 80 meters long and weighing about 1,400 tons.
To raise the beams again the bridge construction technology is introduced with a method called a hydraulic jack. A large temporary crane made of strong steel will use a large hydraulic jack to lift the crush to the top of the tower before insertion. In order to do the job, it is necessary to have invited Swiss-French masters and companies. After calculating all elements, the team began to ramp at a speed of 14m / hour. However after 16g lift mother nature was angry and things stopped while the beams were still in mid air. 3 hours later everything has stabilized again, work continues until rams slip into position over midnight. When the last beams are in place for everyone to breathe and the whole world is amazed at the incredible design.
In just 3 years, engineers have overcome all sorts of difficulties: beat sea clay, devising ingenious design solutions, overcoming the financial crisis ... when the resort finishes, Just sit back and tell each other about the impossible that you have ever done.
Source: http://vitalk.vn/threads/marina-bay-sands-singapore-duoc-xay-dung-nhu-the-nao.15099/
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